Federal Research and Development
Federal R&D Obligations Per Employed Worker
What does this mean?
Total value of federal research and development grants and contracts per worker, to allow for comparison across states.
Why does this matter?
Federal agencies support most of the basic research in the US, and the R&D performed at colleges and universities. Basic research is the primary source of new knowledge that ultimately drives the innovation process. Research at colleges and universities also helps educate the STEM workforce.
North Carolina Ranking
15 / 51
* Source: National Science Foundation
Region Comparison
keyboard_arrow_down
Federal Research and Development
Federal Research and Development
State | 1999-01 | 2000-01 | 2001-01 | 2002-01 | 2003-01 | 2004-01 | 2005-01 | 2006-01 | 2007-01 | 2008-01 | 2009-01 | 2010-01 | 2011-01 | 2012-01 | 2013-01 | 2014-01 | 2015-01 | 2016-01 | 2017-01 | 2018-01 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | 602.62 | 574.28 | 869.18 | 993.53 | 1,192.73 | 1,144.94 | 1,182.71 | 845.36 | 882.24 | 1,138.12 | 1,335.18 | 1,522.03 | 2,273.83 | 2,292.02 | 2,127.85 | 2,047.92 | 2,082.18 | 1,986.13 | 3,994.85 | 2,379.44 |
Alaska | 263.02 | 363.09 | 600.73 | 713.59 | 966.74 | 1,124.95 | 1,203.85 | 519.76 | 658.87 | 561.62 | 633.59 | 607.59 | 505.47 | 416.97 | 496.68 | 370.12 | 569.53 | 589.19 | 520.51 | 890.62 |
Arizona | 321.44 | 334.53 | 542.58 | 652.25 | 684.50 | 756.66 | 839.75 | 686.96 | 680.93 | 706.02 | 947.75 | 1,063.73 | 923.33 | 771.01 | 771.50 | 511.34 | 513.92 | 474.61 | 363.55 | 522.05 |
Arkansas | 60.45 | 67.62 | 109.55 | 84.67 | 89.91 | 90.90 | 100.85 | 100.00 | 112.34 | 93.83 | 116.20 | 125.82 | 124.41 | 131.81 | 124.12 | 141.96 | 77.66 | 224.66 | 125.76 | 154.94 |
California | 681.97 | 647.01 | 569.92 | 858.10 | 926.92 | 897.79 | 939.04 | 1,281.68 | 1,307.00 | 993.72 | 1,417.63 | 1,455.12 | 1,218.44 | 966.81 | 868.23 | 839.59 | 803.71 | 821.09 | 826.37 | 915.03 |
Colorado | 430.58 | 426.79 | 447.80 | 539.28 | 549.08 | 656.64 | 725.48 | 697.68 | 894.29 | 866.96 | 1,300.50 | 1,503.97 | 1,323.97 | 1,312.13 | 1,198.29 | 1,247.89 | 1,199.14 | 1,399.85 | 1,119.74 | 1,615.04 |
Connecticut | 261.46 | 327.74 | 573.68 | 1,194.98 | 906.65 | 956.69 | 1,094.96 | 890.32 | 978.92 | 859.24 | 1,154.47 | 1,085.75 | 1,208.87 | 1,147.92 | 1,333.15 | 1,193.70 | 1,197.38 | 1,239.48 | 1,247.71 | 1,381.41 |
Delaware | 92.28 | 122.85 | 145.76 | 145.01 | 177.60 | 169.02 | 177.22 | 211.84 | 250.10 | 285.26 | 476.94 | 279.07 | 243.43 | 234.07 | 247.34 | 280.69 | 226.92 | 296.10 | 355.39 | 341.73 |
District of Columbia | 5,815.77 | 5,835.06 | 6,777.38 | 7,905.24 | 7,739.59 | 8,795.56 | 10,985.99 | 11,265.12 | 11,522.39 | 47,644.46 | 11,913.77 | 10,671.22 | 8,318.59 | 8,952.15 | 10,388.20 | 10,471.44 | 10,833.29 | 10,608.37 | 12,389.47 | 15,809.56 |
Florida | 211.07 | 211.54 | 256.81 | 239.04 | 271.36 | 308.26 | 240.55 | 307.36 | 380.48 | 222.77 | 389.56 | 329.81 | 257.96 | 244.13 | 236.78 | 251.16 | 300.20 | 279.46 | 284.54 | 317.62 |
Georgia | 344.76 | 456.26 | 596.90 | 390.38 | 377.40 | 341.85 | 392.03 | 312.00 | 300.78 | 254.52 | 385.90 | 311.06 | 290.15 | 231.93 | 235.51 | 261.83 | 244.87 | 260.85 | 255.74 | 271.07 |
Hawaii | 236.98 | 282.66 | 530.44 | 535.68 | 529.69 | 628.75 | 768.85 | 489.44 | 501.10 | 477.20 | 561.60 | 556.08 | 570.63 | 559.63 | 510.97 | 471.87 | 437.01 | 402.60 | 396.38 | 657.09 |
Idaho | 220.39 | 241.92 | 231.03 | 262.22 | 247.46 | 328.09 | 322.37 | 332.80 | 322.34 | 416.56 | 477.45 | 594.60 | 533.57 | 557.32 | 478.93 | 741.06 | 649.79 | 680.65 | 801.60 | 970.49 |
Illinois | 144.64 | 168.70 | 211.94 | 209.74 | 243.68 | 240.84 | 275.03 | 257.20 | 277.73 | 291.98 | 392.70 | 381.15 | 420.91 | 356.45 | 355.54 | 360.09 | 377.12 | 595.49 | 395.52 | 461.29 |
Indiana | 92.89 | 118.51 | 134.26 | 128.74 | 140.82 | 141.13 | 145.94 | 151.84 | 159.82 | 185.56 | 329.12 | 298.76 | 271.61 | 256.77 | 214.03 | 233.96 | 202.93 | 212.44 | 205.82 | 234.61 |
Iowa | 115.46 | 124.53 | 164.58 | 212.18 | 240.87 | 267.44 | 243.83 | 274.96 | 339.64 | 331.46 | 367.71 | 495.62 | 385.24 | 347.63 | 319.77 | 289.16 | 322.06 | 284.54 | 306.91 | 312.42 |
Kansas | 94.52 | 115.64 | 163.44 | 155.88 | 146.45 | 157.85 | 200.46 | 167.92 | 183.43 | 176.40 | 279.06 | 214.23 | 229.51 | 147.21 | 151.52 | 120.89 | 126.11 | 123.14 | 142.66 | 159.64 |
Kentucky | 53.38 | 94.22 | 141.57 | 126.29 | 99.23 | 102.98 | 122.77 | 100.32 | 94.79 | 111.55 | 146.88 | 133.99 | 113.01 | 144.98 | 147.69 | 145.45 | 147.22 | 133.10 | 142.27 | 150.72 |
Louisiana | 77.04 | 90.37 | 102.45 | 165.60 | 177.60 | 177.16 | 180.10 | 135.84 | 176.87 | 172.12 | 179.18 | 148.18 | 271.96 | 144.45 | 129.04 | 130.00 | 116.72 | 131.41 | 159.84 | 157.19 |
Maine | 159.46 | 266.84 | 493.45 | 284.90 | 189.96 | 244.26 | 343.59 | 273.84 | 465.19 | 212.77 | 257.98 | 219.64 | 243.08 | 339.18 | 234.78 | 183.54 | 196.51 | 194.30 | 224.83 | 274.20 |
Maryland | 2,063.53 | 2,273.18 | 2,469.10 | 1,947.96 | 2,156.51 | 3,463.78 | 3,478.02 | 3,578.80 | 3,404.80 | 3,889.62 | 4,813.38 | 4,811.01 | 4,771.08 | 4,783.13 | 4,857.67 | 5,282.64 | 5,227.53 | 5,150.17 | 4,840.32 | 5,630.39 |
Massachusetts | 655.38 | 983.43 | 981.50 | 1,090.08 | 1,259.33 | 1,407.22 | 1,596.74 | 1,694.40 | 1,889.12 | 1,772.82 | 2,411.37 | 2,357.69 | 2,097.66 | 1,718.23 | 1,580.40 | 1,714.60 | 1,647.59 | 1,494.51 | 1,413.79 | 1,616.90 |
Michigan | 115.94 | 141.40 | 175.02 | 192.02 | 268.47 | 180.50 | 193.75 | 288.08 | 303.81 | 346.16 | 487.31 | 514.62 | 446.22 | 462.44 | 385.75 | 385.85 | 371.72 | 366.41 | 307.20 | 339.57 |
Minnesota | 224.60 | 204.89 | 233.66 | 303.91 | 234.43 | 230.13 | 216.92 | 358.32 | 410.00 | 423.02 | 485.69 | 335.83 | 299.72 | 307.58 | 304.12 | 305.99 | 263.28 | 276.92 | 320.45 | 338.88 |
Mississippi | 195.84 | 232.05 | 241.40 | 376.27 | 716.84 | 986.10 | 280.49 | 368.16 | 290.69 | 299.38 | 284.58 | 309.69 | 423.26 | 403.08 | 443.90 | 469.02 | 384.00 | 349.59 | 355.01 | 665.22 |
Missouri | 224.81 | 222.18 | 229.90 | 314.71 | 350.24 | 818.90 | 1,151.12 | 365.12 | 347.60 | 328.36 | 394.66 | 358.19 | 372.19 | 354.93 | 341.16 | 334.14 | 412.73 | 402.32 | 522.53 | 494.51 |
Montana | 147.49 | 166.04 | 218.33 | 183.24 | 216.15 | 313.65 | 305.45 | 254.16 | 1,106.92 | 277.12 | 312.38 | 258.00 | 338.87 | 355.47 | 253.34 | 321.26 | 285.42 | 316.97 | 287.42 | 374.46 |
Nebraska | 70.18 | 79.31 | 111.90 | 120.46 | 134.16 | 171.53 | 160.91 | 151.60 | 198.69 | 179.59 | 197.97 | 217.67 | 237.86 | 239.23 | 186.19 | 220.25 | 206.00 | 196.74 | 205.82 | 208.35 |
Nevada | 193.73 | 187.11 | 242.61 | 231.34 | 284.75 | 374.30 | 394.29 | 282.96 | 207.21 | 206.39 | 396.44 | 278.04 | 348.26 | 350.66 | 426.24 | 366.90 | 279.47 | 200.41 | 234.62 | 272.93 |
New Hampshire | 301.92 | 374.08 | 499.91 | 335.16 | 559.59 | 465.58 | 572.52 | 453.20 | 391.47 | 346.16 | 558.37 | 433.61 | 507.12 | 623.62 | 383.11 | 434.33 | 441.56 | 481.00 | 459.26 | 622.89 |
New Jersey | 441.93 | 336.00 | 289.47 | 370.80 | 377.40 | 417.54 | 469.48 | 410.32 | 422.71 | 431.93 | 511.87 | 595.29 | 542.97 | 463.60 | 376.47 | 432.86 | 358.89 | 370.64 | 443.52 | 545.76 |
New Mexico | 1,781.06 | 1,924.30 | 2,516.17 | 2,507.54 | 2,729.79 | 2,997.90 | 3,217.03 | 2,981.68 | 3,172.42 | 3,260.63 | 3,612.67 | 3,337.32 | 3,495.14 | 3,489.87 | 3,621.25 | 3,929.69 | 3,772.45 | 3,934.28 | 3,666.43 | 3,987.03 |
New York | 211.28 | 240.03 | 287.62 | 316.01 | 373.92 | 388.51 | 461.76 | 473.12 | 484.29 | 427.48 | 599.93 | 549.37 | 502.60 | 478.46 | 470.11 | 472.14 | 468.91 | 489.65 | 515.04 | 576.14 |
North Carolina | 174.49 | 186.62 | 250.77 | 256.75 | 300.37 | 318.29 | 344.37 | 334.72 | 348.66 | 347.76 | 420.50 | 449.52 | 431.17 | 402.99 | 370.73 | 393.21 | 391.25 | 386.90 | 408.10 | 464.62 |
North Dakota | 122.74 | 134.89 | 166.71 | 229.90 | 239.17 | 242.44 | 267.77 | 269.52 | 266.83 | 229.82 | 243.27 | 282.51 | 272.92 | 203.19 | 206.57 | 184.00 | 189.91 | 203.51 | 179.81 | 275.87 |
Ohio | 455.26 | 272.72 | 389.15 | 310.68 | 398.79 | 385.93 | 416.91 | 387.44 | 530.62 | 388.42 | 715.62 | 671.83 | 587.77 | 578.77 | 417.24 | 420.26 | 453.00 | 429.58 | 446.40 | 746.66 |
Oklahoma | 70.58 | 100.94 | 142.50 | 123.62 | 264.85 | 235.68 | 192.11 | 131.68 | 125.46 | 130.28 | 190.32 | 224.20 | 241.16 | 234.25 | 139.87 | 169.65 | 239.01 | 185.37 | 200.74 | 264.99 |
Oregon | 163.74 | 189.91 | 217.40 | 213.84 | 224.37 | 225.19 | 292.81 | 228.64 | 227.80 | 267.12 | 307.87 | 327.57 | 342.87 | 315.86 | 273.46 | 306.54 | 277.61 | 262.07 | 274.18 | 305.27 |
Pennsylvania | 223.18 | 286.51 | 334.62 | 398.09 | 507.05 | 482.52 | 482.82 | 439.44 | 454.36 | 450.91 | 620.67 | 730.83 | 666.77 | 556.52 | 502.50 | 564.88 | 567.95 | 610.06 | 588.19 | 660.81 |
Rhode Island | 516.46 | 561.33 | 598.39 | 690.62 | 788.84 | 920.89 | 1,290.51 | 914.88 | 947.35 | 1,028.08 | 1,143.76 | 1,144.75 | 1,065.40 | 991.37 | 875.88 | 994.34 | 926.47 | 1,123.77 | 1,115.42 | 1,219.02 |
South Carolina | 77.38 | 91.21 | 120.77 | 145.51 | 180.63 | 154.20 | 199.21 | 151.52 | 172.36 | 190.60 | 294.36 | 297.39 | 222.02 | 248.93 | 178.72 | 210.86 | 194.84 | 199.09 | 219.55 | 243.53 |
South Dakota | 67.05 | 68.11 | 97.48 | 104.54 | 99.38 | 129.28 | 131.82 | 144.08 | 118.08 | 148.18 | 159.04 | 153.77 | 126.50 | 132.79 | 120.85 | 146.74 | 155.31 | 147.67 | 167.90 | 177.77 |
Tennessee | 170.00 | 211.12 | 270.23 | 302.33 | 304.44 | 385.40 | 405.44 | 413.84 | 535.71 | 497.45 | 647.36 | 648.35 | 580.64 | 657.71 | 681.59 | 658.81 | 744.28 | 780.67 | 774.05 | 800.27 |
Texas | 268.26 | 212.94 | 226.21 | 254.23 | 393.38 | 404.78 | 384.46 | 439.20 | 501.59 | 380.44 | 465.63 | 527.44 | 412.99 | 423.20 | 395.21 | 347.85 | 414.32 | 390.48 | 383.71 | 345.06 |
Utah | 191.83 | 194.04 | 269.02 | 295.42 | 524.96 | 769.04 | 676.18 | 528.96 | 613.85 | 444.70 | 784.55 | 1,175.88 | 1,213.39 | 666.25 | 623.26 | 818.89 | 755.44 | 606.02 | 677.86 | 714.42 |
Vermont | 128.32 | 156.52 | 245.52 | 298.08 | 449.55 | 946.50 | 605.05 | 245.52 | 261.66 | 300.47 | 382.84 | 362.49 | 319.90 | 272.79 | 279.73 | 319.15 | 228.41 | 232.27 | 230.69 | 282.73 |
Virginia | 1,135.74 | 985.88 | 998.76 | 1,245.74 | 1,379.36 | 1,519.54 | 1,815.61 | 1,866.24 | 1,903.96 | 1,963.75 | 2,075.28 | 2,029.86 | 1,832.48 | 1,823.52 | 1,477.66 | 1,751.31 | 1,728.50 | 1,705.35 | 1,459.78 | 1,673.15 |
Washington | 302.74 | 324.66 | 430.12 | 510.26 | 624.04 | 586.11 | 668.38 | 1,035.84 | 1,201.22 | 1,107.54 | 1,100.16 | 1,065.45 | 1,366.25 | 769.49 | 970.33 | 1,000.78 | 655.65 | 564.56 | 710.21 | 739.80 |
West Virginia | 205.16 | 215.74 | 347.40 | 243.22 | 383.91 | 323.38 | 839.20 | 314.64 | 232.14 | 242.59 | 297.16 | 363.09 | 281.18 | 313.55 | 209.57 | 259.90 | 305.41 | 185.09 | 183.74 | 369.36 |
Wisconsin | 89.96 | 102.69 | 120.49 | 149.83 | 169.16 | 170.32 | 176.67 | 174.48 | 187.45 | 188.83 | 265.63 | 243.12 | 227.33 | 228.73 | 207.21 | 221.26 | 220.78 | 226.45 | 230.59 | 246.08 |
Wyoming | 95.54 | 95.69 | 101.39 | 110.16 | 121.43 | 136.88 | 109.82 | 106.24 | 107.75 | 139.94 | 196.95 | 111.28 | 111.97 | 231.22 | 128.40 | 143.80 | 170.75 | 140.25 | 156.58 | 170.03 |
U.S. Average | 418.95 | 443.64 | 538.96 | 587.64 | 645.36 | 746.74 | 829.08 | 766.45 | 820.70 | 1,502.70 | 949.82 | 924.77 | 870.86 | 836.00 | 828.60 | 860.31 | 850.25 | 849.93 | 906.63 | 1,046.05 |